摘要  

高植物蛋白飼料可能對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖品種的生長(zhǎng)和健康存在一定限制。本研究通過(guò)基于氨基酸平衡原理在草魚(yú)飼料中添加必需氨基酸，探究其對(duì)緩解上述問(wèn)題的作用。對(duì)照組飼料以豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕為主要蛋白源，實(shí)驗(yàn)組飼料則額外添加0.21%賴氨酸、0.32%蛋氨酸和0.23%蘇氨酸。將300尾草魚(yú)(61.3g)隨機(jī)分配至6個(gè)網(wǎng)箱，分別投喂對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組飼料，為期8周。結(jié)果表明：飼料中補(bǔ)充氨基酸顯著提高了增重率、特定生長(zhǎng)率和飼料效率；同時(shí)下調(diào)了TLR/MyD88/NFκB信號(hào)通路及促炎細(xì)胞因子的mRNA表達(dá)，從而緩解腸道炎癥。在腸道菌群方面，該處理提高了ACE和Chao指數(shù)，伴隨厚壁菌門豐度上升而螺旋體門和短螺旋體屬豐度下降。此外，飼料中補(bǔ)充氨基酸顯著提高了肝臟sm轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和膽固醇含量，并刺激cyp7a1的mRNA表達(dá)，導(dǎo)致肝臟膽酸、牛磺膽酸、牛磺鵝去氧膽酸及糖基去氧膽酸3-硫酸二鈉鹽水平升高，同時(shí)增加腸道膽汁酸濃度。綜上所述，補(bǔ)充必需氨基酸通過(guò)促進(jìn)肝臟膽固醇和膽汁酸合成并影響腸道菌群組成，重塑了宿主的膽汁酸循環(huán)，緩解腸道炎癥并促進(jìn)草魚(yú)生長(zhǎng)。研究結(jié)果表明，優(yōu)化飼料配方中的氨基酸平衡可提升魚(yú)類生長(zhǎng)性能與健康水平，同時(shí)降低生產(chǎn)成本，從而為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有力支持。

亮點(diǎn) 

·添加必需氨基酸改善了草魚(yú)的生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)。

·添加必需氨基酸抑制了腸道TLR/MyD88/NFkB通路。

·添加必需氨基酸改變了腸道微生物群的組成和豐富度。

·添加必需氨基酸促進(jìn)了膽固醇和膽汁酸的合成。

Abstract

High-plant protein diets can present certain limitations for the growth and health of aquaculture species. By incorporating essential amino acids into grass carp feed based on amino acid balance, this study investigated their role in alleviating the previously mentioned challenges. The control diet consisted of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed meal as the major protein sources. In contrast, the experimental diet was fortified with 0.21?% lysine, 0.32?% methionine, and 0.23?% threonine. A total of 300 grass carp (61.3?g) were randomly allocated into six net cages and fed with either the control or experimental diet for eight weeks. The results demonstrated that dietary amino acid supplementation improved weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency (P?<?0.05). Moreover, it downregulated the mRNA expression of the TLR/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines (P?<?0.05), mitigating intestinal inflammation. Regarding the intestinal microbiota, this treatment increased ACE and Chao indices, accompanied by an elevation in the abundance of Firmicutes and a concomitant reduction in Spirochaetota and Brevinema (P?<?0.05). Furthermore, the diet with amino acid supplementation increased hepatic sm transcript levels and cholesterol contents (P?<?0.05). It also stimulated the mRNA expression of the cyp7a1, leading to elevated levels of hepatic cholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3 sulfate disodium salt and increased intestinal bile acid concentrations (P?<?0.05). In summary, the essential amino acid supplementation reshaped the bile acid cycle of the host by promoting hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and influencing the composition of the gut microbiota, alleviated intestinal inflammation, and improved the growth of grass carp. The findings revealed that optimizing the amino acid balance in feed formulations can improve fish growth performance and health while lowering production costs, thereby supporting the sustainable advancement of the aquaculture sector.

Highlights

?Dietary amino acid addition improved the growth performance of grass carp.

?Dietary amino acid addition suppressed intestinal TLR/MyD88/NFκB pathway. 

?Dietary amino acid addition reshaped gut microbiota composition and richness. 

? Dietary amino acid addition promoted cholesterol and bile acid synthesis.

翻譯：任浩天（黃海水產(chǎn)研究所營(yíng)養(yǎng)飼料團(tuán)隊(duì)）

轉(zhuǎn)載自：胖鲀先生

原文：Yu, Yongning, et al. "Effects of adding essential amino acids to plant-based diets on growth performance, intestinal health and bile acid biosynthesis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Aquaculture Reports 44 (2025): 103014.

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