摘要 

脂類誘導(dǎo)的蛋白質(zhì)節(jié)約效應(yīng)能夠?yàn)樯L(zhǎng)保留蛋白質(zhì)資源，同時(shí)降低飼料成本并減少環(huán)境中的氮排泄。在一項(xiàng)為期90天的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，評(píng)估了脂類對(duì)低眼無(wú)齒??生長(zhǎng)性能、營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分、氨基酸組成、血液生化指標(biāo)、消化酶活性及抗氧化狀態(tài)的蛋白質(zhì)節(jié)約效應(yīng)。研究人員配制了四種等能(3223.26 kcal/kg)但蛋白質(zhì)(P)和脂類(L)含量不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)飼料：D1(P39/L10，對(duì)照組)、D2 (P35/L12)、D3(P31/L15)和D4(P27/L18)。將240尾適應(yīng)性馴化的魚苗(初始體重12.75±0.2g)隨機(jī)分配至四個(gè)飼料處理組(每缸20尾，設(shè)三個(gè)重復(fù))，每天飽食投喂兩次。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)飼料蛋白質(zhì)從39%降至35%，同時(shí)脂類從10%增至12%時(shí)，魚體仍能保持最佳生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)，顯示出明顯的蛋白質(zhì)節(jié)約效應(yīng)。然而，當(dāng)?shù)鞍踪|(zhì)進(jìn)一步降至31-27%(脂類增至15-18%)時(shí)，則導(dǎo)致生長(zhǎng)性能下降并增加生物學(xué)指數(shù)。魚體和肌肉蛋白質(zhì)含量在39-35%蛋白質(zhì)水平間保持穩(wěn)定，但隨著蛋白質(zhì)進(jìn)一步降低而減少，而體脂含量則相應(yīng)增加。必需氨基酸(賴氨酸、蛋氨酸、異亮氨酸)、抗氧化狀態(tài)、肝臟酶活性、血漿代謝物(葡萄糖、膽固醇、甘油三酯)及蛋白酶活性在39-35%蛋白質(zhì)范圍內(nèi)表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定，但超過此范圍后均出現(xiàn)下降；而脂肪酶活性和丙二醛含量則呈現(xiàn)相反趨勢(shì)。腸道形態(tài)(絨毛高度與寬度、肌層厚度)在39-35%蛋白質(zhì)水平下未受影響，但隨蛋白質(zhì)進(jìn)一步降低而退化。

這些結(jié)果明確證實(shí)：當(dāng)?shù)脱蹮o(wú)齒??飼料中脂類從10%增至12%且蛋白質(zhì)從39%降至35%時(shí)，脂類能夠有效發(fā)揮蛋白質(zhì)節(jié)約作用。

Abstract

Lipid-induced protein sparing conserves protein for growth, reducing feed costs and nitrogenous waste in the environment. In a 90-day experiment, the protein-sparing effects of lipids on the growth, nutrient content, amino acid profile, hematobiochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant status of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isoenergetic diets (3223.26 kcal/kg) with varying protein (P) and lipid (L) contents were formulated: D1 (P39/L10, control), D2 (P35/L12), D3 (P31/L15), and D4 (P27/L18). Acclimatized fingerlings (N?=?240; initial weight, 12.75?±?0.2 g) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatment groups (20 fish/aquarium) in triplicate and fed to satiation twice daily. Reducing dietary protein from 39 to 35% with increasing lipids from 10 to 12% maintained optimal growth, indicating a protein-sparing effect. However, further reductions (31-27% protein) in lipids (15-18%) impaired growth and increased biological indices. The body and muscle protein contents remained stable between 39 and 35% protein but declined with increasing reduction, whereas the lipid content increased. Essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, isoleucine), antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes, plasma metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and protease were stable at 39 to 35% protein but decreased beyond that point, whereas the lipase and malondialdehyde contents showed opposite trends. Intestinal morphology (villus height and width, muscle thickness) was unaffected by39to35% protein but was reduced with further protein reduction. These findings highlight the protein-sparing effect of lipids in P. hypophthalmus when lipids increase from 10to12%and when proteins decrease from 39to35%.

翻譯：張璐(黃海水產(chǎn)研究所營(yíng)養(yǎng)飼料團(tuán)隊(duì))

轉(zhuǎn)載自：胖鲀先生；胖鲀文獻(xiàn)速覽：8月第一周(英文文獻(xiàn)-B篇)

原文：Khadim, Sadaf, et al. "Protein sparing by dietary lipids in the diets of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: an appraisal of growth, body composition, digestive enzymes, and metabolic responses." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 51.4 (2025): 134.

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